Screening Practice of Major Congenital Malformations and Associated Factors among Healthcare Professionals at Three Teaching Hospitals in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Congenital anomalies are among the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Early detection through newborn screening improves outcomes, yet little is known about the screening practices of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Ethiopia. In our setting, many children with congenital malformations are not identified at birth and present later, after being discharged from the birth facility. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to September 2023 among 163 health care professionals (HCPs) working in labor and delivery room and neonatal care units at three tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa. Data on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding the screening of major congenital malformations were collected through structured questionnaires and direct observation. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 26, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results Majority of HCPs have moderate to adequate knowledge (74.2%), and favorable attitude (69.3%). However, only 11% demonstrated a good screening practice to identify major congenital anomalies. Adequate knowledge was strongly associated with good screening practice (AOR = 30.8; 95% CI: 0.15-0.95; p < 0.001). Infants born after complicated pregnancies and male newborns were more likely to be screened. Conclusion Screening practice among HCPs remains significantly below the world health organization (WHO) recommendations potentially leading to preventable morbidity, mortality and disability. Strengthening provider training and implementing standardized screening protocols are essential to improve early detection and reduce complications associated with congenital anomalies.

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